Centos 7基于Haproxy搭建高可用Web群集

Haproxy是目前比较流行的一种群集调度工具，同类群集调度工具有很多，如LVS和Nginx。相比较而言，LVS性能最好，但是搭建相对复杂；Nginx的upstream模块支持群集功能，但是相对群集节点健康检查功能不强，性能没有Haproxy好，更多的是应用在企业内网环境中。
搭建LVS群集可以参考博文：Centos 7搭建LVS+Keepalived高可用Web服务群集

Nginx群集可以参考博文：基于centos 7安装Tomcat服务及其负载均衡

关于Haproxy搭建Web群集原理概述参考博文：Haproxy搭建Web群集概述

一、部署基于Haproxy搭建高可用Nginx群集

部署环境如下：

准备工作

1）调通网络，防火墙放行相关流量（我这里直接将防火墙关闭了）；

2）准备系统映像，配置本地yum（自行配置）；

3）下载haproxy源码包，可以从我提供的网盘链接下载使用：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1I8JCUhejz0VSe8Q4lhzUpQ
提取码：th9x

4）web网站使用apache、Nginx、Tomcat搭建都可以，只要可以访问就行，我这里部署两台Nginx和一台Apache，web网站搭建可以参考：
APache网站服务配置访问控制和构建虚拟主机

Centos 7部署Nginx网站服务

基于centos 7安装Tomcat服务及其负载均衡

1、部署第一台Nginx网站

关于Nginx详细配置及说明可以参考：Centos 7部署Nginx网站服务

[root@centos01 ~]# yum -y install prce-devel zlib-devel      [root@centos01 ~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx      [root@centos01 ~]# umount /mnt/      [root@centos01 ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/       mount: /dev/sr0 写保护，将以只读方式挂载[root@centos01 ~]# scp /mnt/nginx-1.6.0.tar.gz root@192.168.100.20:/root                              The authenticity of host '192.168.100.20 (192.168.100.20)' can't be established.ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:PUueT9fU9QbsyNB5NC5hbSXzaWxxQavBxXmfoknXl4I.ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:6d:f7:95:0e:51:1a:d8:9e:7b:b6:3f:58:51:51:4b:3b.Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes   Warning: Permanently added '192.168.100.20' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.root@192.168.100.20's password:     nginx-1.6.0.tar.gz                                      100%  784KB  68.2MB/s   00:00[root@centos01 ~]# scp /mnt/haproxy-1.4.24.tar.gz root@192.168.100.30:/root                           The authenticity of host '192.168.100.30 (192.168.100.30)' can't be established.ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:PUueT9fU9QbsyNB5NC5hbSXzaWxxQavBxXmfoknXl4I.ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:6d:f7:95:0e:51:1a:d8:9e:7b:b6:3f:58:51:51:4b:3b.Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes    Warning: Permanently added '192.168.100.30' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.root@192.168.100.30's password:     haproxy-1.4.24.tar.gz                                                                               100%  817KB  31.1MB/s   00:00  00:00  [root@centos01 ~]# tar zxvf /mnt/nginx-1.6.0.tar.gz -C /usr/src/   [root@centos01 ~]# cd /usr/src/nginx-1.6.0/   [root@centos01 nginx-1.6.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_stub_status_module    [root@centos01 nginx-1.6.0]# make && make install   [root@centos01 ~]# ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/* /usr/local/sbin/   [root@centos01 ~]# echo "192.168.100.10:nginx" > /usr/local/nginx/html/index.html                                [root@centos01 ~]# nginx    [root@centos01 ~]# netstat -anptu | grep nginx   tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      3685/ngin: master  

2、部署第二台Nginx网站

[root@centos02 ~]# yum -y install pcre-devel zlib-devel   [root@centos02 ~]# ls     anaconda-ks.cfg  initial-setup-ks.cfg  nginx-1.6.0.tar.gz     [root@centos02 ~]# tar zxvf nginx-1.6.0.tar.gz -C /usr/src/   [root@centos02 ~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx      [root@centos02 ~]# cd /usr/src/nginx-1.6.0/        [root@centos02 nginx-1.6.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_stub_status_module    [root@centos02 nginx-1.6.0]# make && make install       [root@centos02 ~]# ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/* /usr/local/sbin/    [root@centos02 ~]# echo "192.168.100.20:nginx" > /usr/local/nginx/html/index.html             [root@centos02 ~]# nginx      [root@centos02 ~]# netstat -anptu | grep nginx       tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      6059/ngin: master  

3、配置客户端

1）客户端添加VM1网卡，配置和服务器同网段IP地址

2）访问第一台nginx服务器

3）访问第二台nginx服务器

4、部署Haproxy服务器

 [root@centos03 ~]# yum -y install pcre-devel bzip2-devel    [root@centos03 ~]# lsanaconda-ks.cfg  haproxy-1.4.24.tar.gz  initial-setup-ks.cfg [root@centos03 ~]# tar zxvf haproxy-1.4.24.tar.gz -C /usr/src/  [root@centos03 ~]# cd /usr/src/haproxy-1.4.24/      [root@centos03 haproxy-1.4.24]# make install      [root@centos03 ~]# mkdir /etc/haproxy      [root@centos03 ~]# cp /usr/src/haproxy-1.4.24/examples/haproxy.cfg /etc/haproxy/                     [root@centos03 ~]# cp /usr/src/haproxy-1.4.24/examples/haproxy.init /etc/init.d/haproxy                         [root@centos03 ~]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/haproxy      [root@centos03 ~]# chkconfig --add haproxy    [root@centos03 ~]# chkconfig --level 35 haproxy on    [root@centos03 ~]# cp /usr/src/haproxy-1.4.24/haproxy /usr/sbin/[root@centos03 ~]# mkdir -p /usr/share/haproxy               [root@centos03 ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg    # this config needs haproxy-1.1.28 or haproxy-1.2.1        gid 99                  daemon        #debug        #quietdefaults        log     global                  mode    http                    option  httplog                 option  dontlognull             retries 3          redispatch               maxconn 2000                     contimeout      10                    clitimeout      10                      srvtimeout      10            listen  nginx 192.168.100.30:80                 balance roundrobin                     server  web01 192.168.100.10:80 check inter 2000 fall 3           server  web02 192.168.100.20:80 check inter 2000 fall 3   [root@centos03 ~]# /etc/init.d/haproxy start       Starting haproxy (via systemctl):                          [  确定  ]

至此Haproxy群集部署完成，现在可以使用客户端访问Haproxy服务器的IP地址，第一次访问到的页面是第一台Nginx服务器，第二次访问到的页面会是第二台Nginx服务器

5、部署DNS

我这里就直接配置了，关于DNS详细配置及配置项解释及DNS工作原理概述请参考博文：CentOS7简单搭建DNS服务

[root@centos03 ~]# yum -y install bind bind-chroot bind-utils    [root@centos03 ~]# echo "" > /etc/named.conf    [root@centos03 ~]# vim /etc/named.conf     options {        listen-on       port    53      { 192.168.100.0/24; };        directory       "/var/named";};zone    bdqn.com        IN      {        type    master;        file    "bdqn.com.zone";};[root@centos03 ~]# named-checkconf -z /etc/named.conf[root@centos03 ~]# vim /var/named/bdqn.com.zone$TTL    86400@       SOA     bdqn.com.       root.bdqn.com.(        2019112201        1H        15M        1W        1D)@       NS      centos03.bdqn.com.centos03 A      192.168.100.30www      A      192.168.100.30[root@centos03 ~]# named-checkzone bdqn.com /var/named/bdqn.com.zone                          zone bdqn.com/IN: loaded serial 2019112201OK[root@centos03 ~]# chmod +x /var/named/bdqn.com.zone                        [root@centos03 ~]# chown named:named /var/named/bdqn.com.zone                         [root@centos03 ~]# systemctl start named      [root@centos03 ~]# systemctl enable named    

至此DNS已经配置完成，客户端添加DNS地址，打开浏览器使用域名访问即可

二、使用Haproxy搭建Apache网站群集

1、部署apache网站

关于Apache网站详细配置及工作原理概述参考博文：CentOS 7.4搭建Apache网站服务

[root@centos04 ~]# tar zxvf /mnt/httpd-2.2.17.tar.gz -C /usr/src/ [root@centos04 ~]# cd /usr/src/httpd-2.2.17/[root@centos04 httpd-2.2.17]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/httpd --enable-so -enable-rewrite --enable-charset-lite --enable-cgi                       [root@centos04 httpd-2.2.17]# make && make install    [root@centos04 ~]# ln -s /usr/local/httpd/bin/* /usr/local/bin/    [root@centos04 ~]# cp /usr/local/httpd/bin/apachectl /etc/init.d/httpd[root@centos04 ~]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/httpd  [root@centos04 ~]# vim /etc/init.d/httpd     #!/bin/sh#chkconfig 35 80 20#description:apache server[root@centos04 ~]# chkconfig --add httpd    [root@centos05 ~]# echo "192.168.100.40:apache" > /usr/local/httpd/htdocs/index.html                    [root@centos04 ~]# apachectl -t     [root@centos04 ~]# systemctl start httpd    [root@centos04 ~]# systemctl enable httpd    [root@centos04 ~]# netstat -anptu | grep httpd    tcp6       0      0 :::80                   :::*                    LISTEN      53801/httpd    [root@centos04 ~]# systemctl is-enabled httpd.service                 enabled

2、部署Haproxy服务

listen  nginx 192.168.100.30:80        balance roundrobin                server  web01 192.168.100.10:80 check inter 2000 fall 3           server  web02 192.168.100.20:80 check inter 2000 fall 3           server  apache01 192.168.100.40:80 check inter 2000 fall 3 weight 1                                         [root@centos03 ~]# /etc/init.d/haproxy restart        Restarting haproxy (via systemctl):                        [  确定  ]

至此基于Apache网站群集已经部署完成，现在可以使用客户端访问

[root@centos03 ~]# tail -f /var/log/haproxy/haproxy-info.log        

------ 本文至此结束，感谢阅读 ------