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LVS+Keepalived

发表于：2026-10-31 作者：千家信息网编辑

千家信息网最后更新 2026年10月31日，实验环境：LVS01:192.168.0.149 #（外网）10.0.0.13 #（内网）LVS02:192.168.0.15010.0.0.14web01:10.0.0.15 #（web环境自行搭建

千家信息网最后更新 2026年10月31日LVS+Keepalived

实验环境：

LVS01:192.168.0.149 #（外网）

10.0.0.13 #（内网）

LVS02:192.168.0.150

10.0.0.14

web01:10.0.0.15 #（web环境自行搭建）

web02:10.0.0.16 #（web环境自行搭建）

VIP:192.168.0.145

安装准备：

[root@LVS01 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 6.7 (Final)
[root@LVS01 ~]# uname -r
2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64

[root@LVS01 ~]# lsmod|grep ip_vs #查看是否安装LVS，或启用LVS
[root@LVS01 ~]# ls -ld /usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-573.12.1.el6.x86_64
drwxr-xr-x 22 root root 4096 Dec 18 00:12 /usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-573.12.1.el6.x86_64
[root@LVS01 ~]# ln -s /usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-573.12.1.el6.x86_64/ /usr/src/linux

[root@LVS01 ~]# grep forward /etc/sysctl.conf #开启内核转发
# Controls IP packet forwarding
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

执行
# sysctl -p

1.安装LVS：

[root@LVS01 ~]# wget http://www.linuxvirtualserver.org/software/kernel-2.6/ipvsadm-1.26.tar.gz
[root@LVS01 ~]# tar xf ipvsadm-1.26.tar.gz
[root@LVS01 ~]# cd ipvsadm-1.26
[root@LVS01 ipvsadm-1.26]# make
[root@LVS01 ipvsadm-1.26]# make install
[root@LVS01 ipvsadm-1.26]# lsmod|grep ip_vs
[root@LVS01 ipvsadm-1.26]# which ipvsadm
/sbin/ipvsadm
[root@LVS01 ipvsadm-1.26]# cd ..
[root@LVS01 ~]# ipvsadm --version
ipvsadm v1.26 2008/5/15 (compiled with popt and IPVS v1.2.1)
[root@LVS01 ~]# lsmod|grep ip_vs
ip_vs 125694 0
libcrc32c 1246 1 ip_vs
ipv6 334932 141 ip_vs
#出现以上三行结果，表示安装成功

2.安装Keepalived：

[root@LVS01 tools]# ln -s /usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-573.12.1.el6.x86_64/ /usr/src/linux
[root@LVS01 tools]# tar xf keepalived-1.2.7.tar.gz
[root@LVS01 tools]# cd keepalived-1.2.7
[root@LVS01 keepalived-1.2.7]# ./configure
............................................
Keepalived version : 1.2.7
Compiler : gcc
Compiler flags : -g -O2
Extra Lib : -lpopt -lssl -lcrypto -lnl
Use IPVS Framework : Yes
IPVS sync daemon support : Yes
IPVS use libnl : Yes
Use VRRP Framework : Yes
Use VRRP VMAC : Yes
SNMP support : No
Use Debug flags : No
#以上最后结果中，最好最少有3个Yes,如下：
Use IPVS Framework : Yes #ipvs框架
IPVS sync daemon support : Yes #ipvs同步支持
Use VRRP Framework : Yes #VRRP框架
[root@LVS01 keepalived-1.2.7]# make
[root@LVS01 keepalived-1.2.7]# make install
[root@LVS01 keepalived-1.2.7]# cp /usr/local/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/rc.d/init.d/
[root@LVS01 keepalived-1.2.7]# cp /usr/local/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
[root@LVS01 keepalived-1.2.7]# mkdir /etc/keepalived -p
[root@LVS01 keepalived-1.2.7]# cp /usr/local/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/
[root@LVS01 keepalived-1.2.7]# cp /usr/local/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/
[root@LVS01 keepalived-1.2.7]# /etc/init.d/keepalived start
Starting keepalived: [ OK ]
[root@LVS01 keepalived-1.2.7]# ps -ef|grep keepalived
root 14563 1 0 06:57 ? 00:00:00 keepalived -D
root 14565 14563 0 06:57 ? 00:00:00 keepalived -D
root 14566 14563 0 06:57 ? 00:00:00 keepalived -D
root 14570 13038 0 06:57 pts/0 00:00:00 grep keepalived
[root@LVS01 keepalived-1.2.7]# /etc/init.d/keepalived stop
Stopping keepalived: [ OK ]
[root@LVS01 keepalived-1.2.7]# ps -ef|grep keepalived|grep -v grep

3.配置Keepalived：

主(LVS01)：
[root@LVS01 ~]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
notification_email {
1729294227@qq.com
}
notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
smtp_server 192.168.0.200
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_1
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.0.145/24
}
}

virtual_server 192.168.0.145 80 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo wrr #负载均衡算法
lb_kind DR #负载均衡模式
nat_mask 255.255.255.0 #子网掩码
persistence_timeout 300 #会话保持
protocol TCP #协议

real_server 10.0.0.15 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 8
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
connect_port 80
}
}
real_server 10.0.0.16 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 8
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
connect_port 80
}
}

}

备(LVS02)：
[root@LVS02 ~]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
notification_email {
1729294227@qq.com
}
notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
smtp_server 192.168.0.200
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_2
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 99
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.0.145/24
}
}

virtual_server 192.168.0.145 80 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo wrr
lb_kind DR
nat_mask 255.255.255.0
persistence_timeout 300
protocol TCP

real_server 10.0.0.15 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 8
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
connect_port 80
}
}
real_server 10.0.0.16 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 8
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
connect_port 80
}
}

}

4.手工在RS绑定VIP（两台web机器上）：

web01:

[root@web01 ~]# curl -i localhost
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.6.3
Date: Thu, 26 Nov 2015 12:09:12 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 24
Last-Modified: Thu, 26 Nov 2015 09:19:01 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5656ce85-18"
Accept-Ranges: bytes

192.168.0.151:test1-web
[root@web01 ~]# ifconfig lo:0 192.168.0.145/32 up
[root@web01 ~]# ifconfig lo:0
lo:0 Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:192.168.0.145 Mask:0.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1

web02:
[root@web02 ~]# curl -i localhost
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.6.3
Date: Sat, 07 Nov 2015 16:18:31 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 24
Last-Modified: Sat, 07 Nov 2015 13:27:39 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "563dfc4b-18"
Accept-Ranges: bytes

192.168.0.160:test2-web
[root@web02 ~]# ifconfig lo:0 192.168.0.145/32 up
[root@web02 ~]# ifconfig lo:0
lo:0 Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:192.168.0.145 Mask:0.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
#以上可通过脚本实现

注意，做好以下三点保证IP不冲突：
1.绑定在回环接口上（lo)
2.绑定VIP地址
3.子网掩码是：255.255.255.255

5.手工在RS端(两台web机器上)抑制ARP响应：

echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
#以上可通过脚本实现

6.最终测试：

[root@LVS01 ~]# /etc/init.d/keepalived start

[root@LVS01 ~]# ipvsadm -L -n
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 192.168.0.145:80 wrr persistent 300
-> 10.0.0.15:80 Route 1 0 0
-> 10.0.0.16:80 Route 1 0 0

[root@LVS01 ~]# ip a
1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:a4:26:69 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.0.149/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.0.145/24 scope global secondary eth0
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea4:2669/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth4: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:a4:26:73 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.0.0.13/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global eth4
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea4:2673/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

[root@LVS02 ~]# /etc/init.d/keepalived start

[root@LVS02 ~]# ipvsadm -L -n
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 192.168.0.145:80 wrr persistent 300
-> 10.0.0.15:80 Route 1 0 0
-> 10.0.0.16:80 Route 1 0 0

[root@LVS02 ~]# ip a
1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:6a:27:b4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.0.150/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe6a:27b4/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth4: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:6a:27:be brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.0.0.14/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global eth4
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe6a:27be/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

7.模拟"故障"测试高可用：

[root@LVS01 ~]# /etc/init.d/keepalived stop
Stopping keepalived: [ OK ]
[root@LVS01 ~]# ip a
1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:a4:26:69 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.0.149/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea4:2669/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth4: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:a4:26:73 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.0.0.13/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global eth4
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea4:2673/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

[root@LVS02 ~]# ip a
1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:6a:27:b4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.0.150/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.0.145/24 scope global secondary eth0
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe6a:27b4/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth4: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:6a:27:be brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.0.0.14/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global eth4
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe6a:27be/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever