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Hbase的安装和基本使用

发表于:2025-12-02 作者:千家信息网编辑
千家信息网最后更新 2025年12月02日,Hbase介绍HBase是一个开源的非关系型分布式数据库(NoSQL),它参考了谷歌的BigTable建模,实现的编程语言为 Java。它是Apache软件基金会的Hadoop项目的一部分,运行于HD
千家信息网最后更新 2025年12月02日Hbase的安装和基本使用

Hbase介绍

HBase是一个开源的非关系型分布式数据库(NoSQL),它参考了谷歌的BigTable建模,实现的编程语言为 Java。它是Apache软件基金会的Hadoop项目的一部分,运行于HDFS文件系统之上,为 Hadoop 提供类似于BigTable 规模的服务。因此,它可以容错地存储海量稀疏的数据。

Hbase安装

安装环境
三台虚拟机:master、slave1、slave2,
已经安装好Hadoop环境和zookeeper

下载Hbase安装包,根据你自己的需求下载对应的安装包

wget http://archive.apache.org/dist/hbase/0.98.24/hbase-0.98.24-hadoop2-bin.tar.gz

也可以直接去镜像网站下载,地址:http://archive.apache.org/dist/
下载好后,解压安装包

tar -zxvf hbase-0.98.24-hadoop2-bin.tar.gz

添加Hbase的环境变量

//打开~/.bashrc文件vim ~/.bashrc//然后在里边追加两行export HBASE_HOME=/usr/local/src/hbase-0.98.24-hadoop2export PATH=$PATH:$HBASE_HOME/bin//然后保存退出,source一下source ~/.bashrc

配置Hbase
打开Hbase目录下conf/hbase-env.sh(如果没有新建一个)

vim conf/hbase-env.sh//添加下边两个配置export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/src/jdk1.8.0_171  //java homeexport HBASE_MANAGES_ZK=false  //是否使用自带的zookeeper,自己有安装的话就用自己的,没有就用自带的

配置hbase-site.xml文件

vim conf/hbase-site.xml//添加如下配置                        hbase.rootdir                hdfs://master:9000/hbase                                hbase.cluster.distributed                true                                hbase.zookeeper.quorum                master,slave1,slave2                                dfs.replication                2        

修改regionservers文件

vim conf/regionservers//添加需要安装regionserver的机器节点slave1slave2

到这里Hbase简单的环境就搭建好了

Hbase的启动

启动Hbase需要首先启动Hadoop和zookeeper

启动Hadoop

master机器节点

//进入到Hadoop目录的sbin下./start-all.sh 

查看Hadoop是不是启动成功
master机器节点,jps查看进程看到图中进程说明成功启动

slave机器节点,jps查看

Zookeeper启动

master和slave节点都执行,进入zookeeper安装目录bin目录下

zkServer.sh start

然后jps查看进程,能看到QuorumPeerMain说明Zookeeper启动成功


####启动Hbase
在Hadoop和Zookeeper都启动之后就可以启动Hbase了,进入Hbase的安装目录的bin目录下

./start-hbase.sh

jps查看进程,在master能看到Hmaster进程,在slave节点能看到HRegionServer进程,说明Hbase启动成功


也可以通过网址来检查,http://master:60010/master-status

Hbase简单的shell命令操作

进入shell命令模式,在bin目录下执行

./hbase shellhbase(main):001:0>
  • 查看当前所有表
hbase(main):003:0> listTABLE                                                                                                                       0 row(s) in 0.1510 seconds=> []
  • 创建表
hbase(main):006:0> create 'test_table' , 'mate_data', 'action'0 row(s) in 2.4390 seconds=> Hbase::Table - test_table
  • 查看表详情
hbase(main):009:0> desc 'test_table'Table test_table is ENABLED                                                                                                 test_table                                                                                                                  COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION                                                                                                 {NAME => 'action', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}                                                                                                   {NAME => 'mate_data', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}                                                                                                2 row(s) in 0.0520 seconds
  • 增加列簇
hbase(main):010:0> alter 'test_table', {NAME => 'new', VERSIONS => '2', IN_MEMORY => 'true'}Updating all regions with the new schema...0/1 regions updated.1/1 regions updated.Done.0 row(s) in 2.2790 secondshbase(main):011:0> desc 'test_table'Table test_table is ENABLED                                                                                                 test_table                                                                                                                  COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION                                                                                                 {NAME => 'action', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}                                                                                                   {NAME => 'mate_data', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}                                                                                                {NAME => 'new', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '2', IN_MEMORY => 'true', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}                                                                                                       3 row(s) in 0.0570 seconds
  • 删除列簇
hbase(main):013:0> alter 'test_table', {NAME => 'new', METHOD => 'delete'}Updating all regions with the new schema...0/1 regions updated.1/1 regions updated.Done.0 row(s) in 2.2390 secondshbase(main):014:0> desc 'test_table'Table test_table is ENABLED                                                                                                 test_table                                                                                                                  COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION                                                                                                 {NAME => 'action', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}                                                                                                   {NAME => 'mate_data', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}                                                                                                2 row(s) in 0.0430 seconds
  • 删除表
//首先disablehbase(main):016:0> disable 'test_table'0 row(s) in 1.2980 seconds//然后再删除hbase(main):017:0> drop 'test_table'0 row(s) in 0.2020 seconds//查看是否删除hbase(main):018:0> listTABLE                                                                                                                       0 row(s) in 0.0070 seconds=> []
  • 往表里写数据并查看
hbase(main):021:0> put 'test_table', '1001', 'mate_data:name', 'zhangsan'0 row(s) in 0.1400 secondshbase(main):022:0> put 'test_table', '1002', 'mate_data:name', 'lisi'0 row(s) in 0.0110 secondshbase(main):023:0> put 'test_table', '1001', 'mate_data:gender', 'woman'0 row(s) in 0.0170 secondshbase(main):024:0> put 'test_table', '1002', 'mate_data:age', '25'0 row(s) in 0.0140 secondshbase(main):025:0> scan 'test_table'ROW                              COLUMN+CELL                                                                                 1001                            column=mate_data:gender, timestamp=1540034584363, value=woman                               1001                            column=mate_data:name, timestamp=1540034497293, value=zhangsan                              1002                            column=mate_data:age, timestamp=1540034603800, value=25                                     1002                            column=mate_data:name, timestamp=1540034519659, value=lisi                                 2 row(s) in 0.0410 seconds
  • 读取数据
hbase(main):026:0> get 'test_table', '1001'COLUMN                           CELL                                                                                        mate_data:gender                timestamp=1540034584363, value=woman                                                        mate_data:name                  timestamp=1540034497293, value=zhangsan                                                    2 row(s) in 0.0340 secondshbase(main):027:0> get 'test_table', '1001', 'mate_data:name'COLUMN                           CELL                                                                                        mate_data:name                  timestamp=1540034497293, value=zhangsan                                                    1 row(s) in 0.0320 seconds
  • 查看行数
hbase(main):028:0> count 'test_table'2 row(s) in 0.0390 seconds=> 2
  • 清空表数据
hbase(main):029:0> truncate 'test_table'Truncating 'test_table' table (it may take a while): - Disabling table... - Truncating table...0 row(s) in 1.5220 seconds

通过Python脚本来操作Hbase

不能通过Python脚本来直接操作Hbase,必须要借助thrift服务作为中间层,所以需要两个Python模块:hbase模块和thrift模块,和安装thrift来实现Python对Hbase的操作
####安装thrift并获得thrift模块

  • 下载安装thrift
wget http://archive.apache.org/dist/thrift/0.11.0/thrift-0.11.0.tar.gztar -zxvf thrift-0.11.0.tar.gzcd thrift-0.11.0/./configuremakemake installcd lib/py/build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7

然后就能看到thrift模块

获得hbase模块
  • 下载Hbase源码包
wget http://archive.apache.org/dist/hbase/0.98.24/hbase-0.98.24-src.tar.gztar -zxvf hbase-0.98.24-src.tar.gz
  • 产生hbase模块
//进入该目录cd /usr/local/src/hbase-0.98.24/hbase-thrift/src/main/resources/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/thrift//执行如下命令,产生gen-py目录thrift --gen py Hbase.thrift//进入该目录就能得到生成的hbase模块cd gen-py
使用Python写数据
  • 创建表
from thrift.transport import TSocketfrom thrift.protocol import TBinaryProtocolfrom hbase import Hbasefrom hbase.ttypes import *transport = TSocket.TSocket('master', 9090)transport = TTransport.TBufferedTransport(transport)protocol = TBinaryProtocol.TBinaryProtocol(transport)client = Hbase.Client(protocol)transport.open()base_info_contents = ColumnDescriptor(name='columnName1', maxVersions=1)other_info_contents = ColumnDescriptor(name='columnName2', maxVersions=1)client.createTable('tableName', [base_info_contents,other_info_contents])
  • 插入数据
from thrift.transport import TSocketfrom thrift.protocol import TBinaryProtocolfrom hbase import Hbasefrom hbase.ttypes import *transport = TSocket.TSocket('master', 9090)transport = TTransport.TBufferedTransport(transport)protocol = TBinaryProtocol.TBinaryProtocol(transport)client = Hbase.Client(protocol)transport.open()table_name = 'tableName'rowKey = 'rowKeyName'mutations = [Mutation(column="columnName:columnPro", value="valueName")]client.mutateRow(table_name,rowKey,mutations,None)
  • 查看数据
from thrift.transport import TSocketfrom thrift.protocol import TBinaryProtocolfrom hbase import Hbasefrom hbase.ttypes import *transport = TSocket.TSocket('master', 9090)transport = TTransport.TBufferedTransport(transport)protocol = TBinaryProtocol.TBinaryProtocol(transport)client = Hbase.Client(protocol)transport.open()table_name = 'tableName'rowKey = 'rowKeyName'result = client.getRow(table_name,rowKey,None)for l in result:    print "the row is "+ l.row    for k,v in l.columns.items():        print '\t'.join([k,v.value])
from thrift.transport import TSocketfrom thrift.protocol import TBinaryProtocolfrom hbase import Hbasefrom hbase.ttypes import *transport = TSocket.TSocket('master', 9090)transport = TTransport.TBufferedTransport(transport)protocol = TBinaryProtocol.TBinaryProtocol(transport)client = Hbase.Client(protocol)transport.open()table_name = 'tableName'scan = TScan()id = client.scannerOpenWithScan(table_name,scan,None)result = client.scannerGetList(id,10)for l in result:    print "========="    print "the row is "+ l.row    for k,v in l.columns.items():        print '\t'.join([k,v.value])
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