如何在CDH集群启用Kerberos

这篇文章主要介绍"如何在CDH集群启用Kerberos"，在日常操作中，相信很多人在如何在CDH集群启用Kerberos问题上存在疑惑，小编查阅了各式资料，整理出简单好用的操作方法，希望对大家解答"如何在CDH集群启用Kerberos"的疑惑有所帮助！接下来，请跟着小编一起来学习吧！

1.文档编写目的

本文档讲述如何在CDH集群启用及配置Kerberos，您将学习到以下知识：

1.如何安装及配置KDC服务

2.如何通过CDH启用Kerberos

3.如何登录Kerberos并访问Hadoop相关服务

文档主要分为以下几步：

1.安装及配置KDC服务

2.CDH集群启用Kerberos

3.Kerberos使用

这篇文档将重点介绍如何在CDH集群启用及配置Kerberos，并基于以下假设：

1.CDH集群运行正常

2.集群未启用Kerberos

3.MySQL 5.1.73

以下是本次测试环境，但不是本操作手册的必需环境：

1.操作系统：CentOS 6.5

2.CDH和CM版本为5.12.0

3.采用root用户进行操作

2.KDC服务安装及配置

本文档中将KDC服务安装在Cloudera Manager Server所在服务器上（KDC服务可根据自己需要安装在其他服务器）

1.在Cloudera Manager服务器上安装KDC服务

[root@ip-172-31-6-148~]# yum -y install krb5-serverkrb5-libs krb5-auth-dialog krb5-workstation

2.修改/etc/krb5.conf配置

[root@ip-172-31-6-148 fayson_r]# vim /etc/krb5.conf [logging] default = FILE:/var/log/krb5libs.log kdc = FILE:/var/log/krb5kdc.log admin_server = FILE:/var/log/kadmind.log[libdefaults] default_realm = FAYSON.COM dns_lookup_realm = false dns_lookup_kdc = false ticket_lifetime = 24h renew_lifetime = 7d forwardable = true[realms] FAYSON.COM = {  kdc = ip-172-31-6-148.fayson.com  admin_server = ip-172-31-6-148.fayson.com }[domain_realm] .ip-172-31-6-148.fayson.com = FAYSON.COM ip-172-31-6-148.fayson.com = FAYSON.COM

标红部分为需要修改的信息。

3.修改/var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kadm5.acl配置

[root@ip-172-31-6-148~]# vim /var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kadm5.acl */admin@FAYSON.COM    *

4.修改/var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kdc.conf配置

[root@ip-172-31-6-148 ~]# vim /var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kdc.conf [kdcdefaults] kdc_ports = 88 kdc_tcp_ports = 88[realms] FAYSON.COM= {  #master_key_type = aes256-cts  max_renewable_life= 7d 0h 0m 0s  acl_file = /var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kadm5.acl  dict_file = /usr/share/dict/words  admin_keytab = /var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kadm5.keytab  supported_enctypes = aes256-cts:normal aes128-cts:normal des3-hmac-sha1:normal arcfour-hmac:normal des-hmac-sha1:normal des-cbc-md5:normal des-cbc-crc:normal }

标红部分为需要修改的配置。

5.创建Kerberos数据库

[root@ip-172-31-6-148 ~]# kdb5_util create -r FAYSON.COM -sLoading random dataInitializing database '/var/kerberos/krb5kdc/principal' for realm 'FAYSON.COM',master key name 'K/M@FAYSON.COM'You will be prompted for the database Master Password.It is important that you NOT FORGET this password.Enter KDC database master key: Re-enter KDC database master key to verify:

此处需要输入Kerberos数据库的密码。

6.创建Kerberos的管理账号

[root@ip-172-31-6-148 ~]# kadmin.localAuthenticating as principal fayson/admin@CLOUDERA.COM with password.kadmin.local:  addprinc admin/admin@FAYSON.COMWARNING: no policy specified for admin/admin@FAYSON.COM; defaulting to no policyEnter password for principal "admin/admin@FAYSON.COM": Re-enter password for principal "admin/admin@FAYSON.COM": Principal "admin/admin@FAYSON.COM" created.kadmin.local:  exit[root@ip-172-31-6-148 ~]#

标红部分为Kerberos管理员账号，需要输入管理员密码。

7.将Kerberos服务添加到自启动服务，并启动krb5kdc和kadmin服务

[root@ip-172-31-6-148~]# chkconfig krb5kdc on[root@ip-172-31-6-148 ~]# chkconfig kadmin on[root@ip-172-31-6-148 ~]# service krb5kdc startStarting Kerberos 5 KDC:                                   [  OK  ][root@ip-172-31-6-148 ~]# service kadmin startStarting Kerberos 5 Admin Server:                          [  OK  ][root@ip-172-31-6-148 ~]#

8.测试Kerberos的管理员账号

[root@ip-172-31-6-148 ~]# kinit admin/admin@FAYSON.COMPassword for admin/admin@FAYSON.COM: [root@ip-172-31-6-148 ~]# klistTicket cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_0Default principal: admin/admin@FAYSON.COMValid starting     Expires            Service principal09/05/17 16:39:17  09/06/17 16:39:17  krbtgt/FAYSON.COM@FAYSON.COM        renew until 09/12/17 16:39:17[root@ip-172-31-6-148 ~]#

9.为集群安装所有Kerberos客户端，包括Cloudera Manager

[root@ip-172-31-6-148 cdh-shell-master]# yum -y install krb5-libs krb5-workstation

10.在Cloudera Manager Server服务器上安装额外的包

[root@ip-172-31-6-148cdh-shell-master]# yum -y install openldap-clients

11.将KDC Server上的krb5.conf文件拷贝到所有Kerberos客户端

[root@ip-172-31-6-148cdh-shell-master]# scp -r /etc/krb5.conf root@172.31.5.190:/etc/

此处使用脚本进行拷贝

[root@ip-172-31-6-148cdh-shell-master]# sh b.sh node.list /etc/krb5.conf  /etc/krb5.conf                                                                         100% 451     0.4KB/s   00:00   krb5.conf                                                                         100% 451     0.4KB/s   00:00   krb5.conf                                                                         100% 451     0.4KB/s   00:00   krb5.conf                                                                          100%  451     0.4KB/s  00:00    [root@ip-172-31-6-148 cdh-shell-master]#

3.CDH集群启用Kerberos

1.在KDC中给Cloudera Manager添加管理员账号

[root@ip-172-31-6-148 cdh-shell-bak]# kadmin.localAuthenticating as principal admin/admin@FAYSON.COM with password.kadmin.local:  addprinc cloudera-scm/admin@FAYSON.COMWARNING: no policy specified for cloudera-scm/admin@FAYSON.COM; defaulting to no policyEnter password for principal "cloudera-scm/admin@FAYSON.COM": Re-enter password for principal "cloudera-scm/admin@FAYSON.COM": Principal "cloudera-scm/admin@FAYSON.COM" created.kadmin.local:  exit[root@ip-172-31-6-148 cdh-shell-bak]#

2.进入Cloudera Manager的"管理"-> "安全"界面

3.选择"启用Kerberos"，进入如下界面

确保如下列出的所有检查项都已完成

4.点击"继续"，配置相关的KDC信息，包括类型、KDC服务器、KDC Realm、加密类型以及待创建的Service Principal（hdfs，yarn,，hbase，hive等）的更新生命期等

5.点击"继续"

6.不建议让Cloudera Manager来管理krb5.conf, 点击"继续"

7.输入Cloudera Manager的Kerbers管理员账号，必须和之前创建的账号一致，点击"继续"

8.等待启用Kerberos完成，点击"继续"

9.点击"继续"

10.勾选重启集群，点击"继续"

11.等待集群重启成功，点击"继续"

至此已成功启用Kerberos。

4.Kerberos使用

使用fayson用户运行MapReduce任务及操作Hive，需要在集群所有节点创建fayson用户。

1.使用kadmin创建一个fayson的principal

[root@ip-172-31-6-148 cdh-shell-bak]# kadmin.localAuthenticating as principal admin/admin@FAYSON.COM with password.kadmin.local:  addprinc fayson@FAYSON.COMWARNING: no policy specified for fayson@FAYSON.COM; defaulting to no policyEnter password for principal "fayson@FAYSON.COM":Re-enter password for principal "fayson@FAYSON.COM":Principal "fayson@FAYSON.COM" created.kadmin.local:  exit[root@ip-172-31-6-148 cdh-shell-bak]#

2.使用fayson用户登录Kerberos

[root@ip-172-31-6-148 cdh-shell-bak]# kdestroy[root@ip-172-31-6-148 cdh-shell-bak]# kinit faysonPassword for fayson@FAYSON.COM: [root@ip-172-31-6-148 cdh-shell-bak]# klistTicket cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_0Default principal: fayson@FAYSON.COMValid starting     Expires            Service principal09/05/17 17:19:08  09/06/17 17:19:08  krbtgt/FAYSON.COM@FAYSON.COM        renew until 09/12/17 17:19:08[root@ip-172-31-6-148 cdh-shell-bak]#

3.运行MapReduce作业

[root@ip-172-31-6-148~]# hadoop jar /opt/cloudera/parcels/CDH/lib/hadoop-0.20-mapreduce/hadoop-examples.jar pi 10 1...Starting Job17/09/02 20:10:43 INFO mapreduce.Job: Running job: job_1504383005209_000117/09/02 20:10:56 INFO mapreduce.Job: Job job_1504383005209_0001 running in ubermode : false17/09/02 20:10:56 INFO mapreduce.Job:  map0% reduce 0/09/02 20:11:09 INFO mapreduce.Job:  map20% reduce 0/09/02 20:11:12 INFO mapreduce.Job:  map40% reduce 0/09/02 20:11:13 INFO mapreduce.Job:  map50% reduce 0/09/02 20:11:15 INFO mapreduce.Job:  map60% reduce 0/09/02 20:11:16 INFO mapreduce.Job:  map70% reduce 0/09/02 20:11:19 INFO mapreduce.Job:  map80% reduce 0/09/02 20:11:21 INFO mapreduce.Job:  map100% reduce 0/09/02 20:11:26 INFO mapreduce.Job:  map100% reduce 100/09/02 20:11:26 INFO mapreduce.Job: Job job_1504383005209_0001 completedsuccessfully

4.使用beeline连接hive进行测试

[root@ip-172-31-6-148 cdh-shell-bak]# beeline Beeline version 1.1.0-cdh6.12.1 by Apache Hivebeeline> !connect jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/;principal=hive/ip-172-31-6-148.fayson.com@FAYSON.COM...Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> show tables;...INFO  : OK+-------------+--+|  tab_name   |+-------------+--+| test_table  |+-------------+--+1 row selected (0.194 seconds)0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> select * from test_table;...INFO  : OK+----------------+----------------+--+| test_table.s1  | test_table.s2  |+----------------+----------------+--+| 4              | lisi           || 1              | test           || 2              | fayson         || 3              | zhangsan       |+----------------+----------------+--+4 rows selected (0.144 seconds)0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/>

运行Hive MapReduce作业

0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> select count(*) from test_table;...INFO  : OK+------+--+| _c0  |+------+--+| 4    |+------+--+1 row selected (35.779 seconds)0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/>

5.常见问题

1.使用Kerberos用户身份运行MapReduce作业报错

main : run as user is faysonmain : requested yarn user is faysonRequested user fayson is not whitelisted and has id 501,whichis below the minimum allowed 1000Failing this attempt. Failing the application.17/09/02 20:05:04 INFO mapreduce.Job: Counters: 0Job Finished in 6.184 secondsjava.io.FileNotFoundException: File does not exist:hdfs://ip-172-31-6-148:8020/user/fayson/QuasiMonteCarlo_1504382696029_1308422444/out/reduce-out at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem$20.doCall(DistributedFileSystem.java:1266) at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem$20.doCall(DistributedFileSystem.java:1258) at org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystemLinkResolver.resolve(FileSystemLinkResolver.java:81) at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem.getFileStatus(DistributedFileSystem.java:1258) at org.apache.hadoop.io.SequenceFile$Reader.(SequenceFile.java:1820) at org.apache.hadoop.io.SequenceFile$Reader.(SequenceFile.java:1844) at org.apache.hadoop.examples.QuasiMonteCarlo.estimatePi(QuasiMonteCarlo.java:314) at org.apache.hadoop.examples.QuasiMonteCarlo.run(QuasiMonteCarlo.java:354) at org.apache.hadoop.util.ToolRunner.run(ToolRunner.java:70) at org.apache.hadoop.examples.QuasiMonteCarlo.main(QuasiMonteCarlo.java:363) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(NativeMethod)        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606) at org.apache.hadoop.util.ProgramDriver$ProgramDescription.invoke(ProgramDriver.java:71) at org.apache.hadoop.util.ProgramDriver.run(ProgramDriver.java:144) at org.apache.hadoop.examples.ExampleDriver.main(ExampleDriver.java:74) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(NativeMethod)        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606) atorg.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.run(RunJar.java:221) at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.main(RunJar.java:136)

问题原因：是由于Yarn限制了用户id小于10000的用户提交作业；

解决方法：修改Yarn的min.user.id来解决

到此，关于"如何在CDH集群启用Kerberos"的学习就结束了，希望能够解决大家的疑惑。理论与实践的搭配能更好的帮助大家学习，快去试试吧！若想继续学习更多相关知识，请继续关注网站，小编会继续努力为大家带来更多实用的文章！