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kubeadm怎样部署多节点master集群？

发表于：2026-10-31 作者：千家信息网编辑

千家信息网最后更新 2026年10月31日，版本信息linux Centos7kubernetes v1.14.5docker v18.06.1-ce节点信息VIP:47.110.19.11 阿里云负载均衡安装前准备开始部署前确保所有

千家信息网最后更新 2026年10月31日kubeadm怎样部署多节点master集群？

版本信息

linux   Centos7kubernetes v1.14.5docker v18.06.1-ce

节点信息

VIP:47.110.19.11    阿里云负载均衡

安装前准备

开始部署前确保所有节点网络正常，能访问公网。主要操作都在VPC-OPEN-MASTER001节点进行，设置VPC-OPEN-MASTER001可以免密码登陆其他节点。所有操作都使用root用户身份进行。

服务器说明

我们这里使用的是五台centos-7.6的虚拟机，具体信息如下表：系统类型    IP地址            节点角色    CPU Memory  Hostnamecentos-7.6  192.168.3.42    master      >=2 >=4G    master01centos-7.6  192.168.3.43    master      >=2 >=4G    master02centos-7.6  192.168.3.44    master      >=2 >=4G    master03centos-7.6  192.168.3.45    worker      >=2 >=4G    node01centos-7.6  192.168.3.46    worker      >=2 >=4G    node02

一、环境准备

1、设置主机名

# 查看主机名$ hostname# 修改主机名$ hostnamectl set-hostname huoban-k8s-master01# 配置host，使所有节点之间可以通过hostname互相访问

>2、配置hosts解析

vim /etc/hosts

192.168.3.42 huoban-k8s-master01 master01
192.168.3.43 huoban-k8s-master02 master02
192.168.3.44 huoban-k8s-master03 master03
192.168.3.45 huoban-k8s-node01 node01
192.168.3.46 huoban-k8s-node02 node02

>3、安装依赖包

更新yum

$ yum update

安装依赖包

$ yum install -y conntrack ipvsadm ipset jq sysstat curl iptables libseccomp

>4、关闭防火墙、swap，重置iptables

关闭防火墙

$ systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld

重置iptables

$ iptables -F && iptables -X && iptables -F -t nat && iptables -X -t nat && iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT

关闭swap

$ swapoff -a
$ sed -i '/swap/s/^(.*)$/#\1/g' /etc/fstab

关闭selinux

$ setenforce 0

关闭dnsmasq(否则可能导致docker容器无法解析域名)

$ service dnsmasq stop && systemctl disable dnsmasq

>5、系统参数设置

制作配置文件

$ cat > /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf <net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=1
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
vm.swappiness=0
vm.overcommit_memory=1
vm.panic_on_oom=0
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=89100
EOF

生效文件

$ sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf

二、安装docker

使用阿里云镜像仓库

wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo

安装docker

查看可以安装的版本
yum list docker-ce --showduplicates|sort -r
yum install -y docker-ce-18.06.1.ce-3

设置docker启动参数（可选）

- graph: 设置docker数据目录：选择比较大的分区（我这里是根目录就不需要配置了，默认为/var/lib/docker）

- exec-opts: 设置cgroup driver（默认是cgroupfs，不推荐设置systemd）

- registry-mirrors 配置docker镜像加速

cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <{
"graph": "/docker/data/path",
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=cgroupfs"],
"registry-mirrors":["https://k9e55i4n.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF

启动docker服务并加入开机启动项

systemctl start docker && systemctl enable docker

三、安装 kubeadm, kubelet 和 kubectl>1、配置yum源

cat < /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

>2、安装kubelet,kubeadm,kubectl

找到安装的版本号

yum list kubeadm --showduplicates | sort -r

#安装指定版本
yum install -y kubelet-1.14.5 kubeadm-1.14.5 kubectl-1.14.5

>3、查看安装情况

systemctl cat kubelet

可以看到kubelet以设置为系统服务，生成kubelet.service和10-kubeadm.conf两文件

/etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service

[Unit]
Description=kubelet: The Kubernetes Node Agent
Documentation=http://kubernetes.io/docs/

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/bin/kubelet
Restart=always
StartLimitInterval=0
RestartSec=10

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

/etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubeadm.conf

Note: This dropin only works with kubeadm and kubelet v1.11+

[Service]
Environment="KUBELET_KUBECONFIG_ARGS=--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.conf --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf"
Environment="KUBELET_CONFIG_ARGS=--config=/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"

This is a file that "kubeadm init" and "kubeadm join" generates at runtime, populating the KUBELET_KUBEADM_ARGS variable dynamically

EnvironmentFile=-/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env

This is a file that the user can use for overrides of the kubelet args as a last resort. Preferably, the user should use

the .NodeRegistration.KubeletExtraArgs object in the configuration files instead. KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS should be sourced from this file.

EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/kubelet
ExecStart=
ExecStart=/usr/bin/kubelet $KUBELET_KUBECONFIG_ARGS $KUBELET_CONFIG_ARGS $KUBELET_KUBEADM_ARGS $KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS

四、配置系统相关参数

#以下操作在所有节点操作
#!/bin/bash

开启forward

Docker从1.13版本开始调整了默认的防火墙规则

禁用了iptables filter表中FOWARD链

这样会引起Kubernetes集群中跨Node的Pod无法通信

iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT

加载ipvs相关内核模块

如果重新开机，需要重新加载

modprobe ip_vs
modprobe ip_vs_rr
modprobe ip_vs_wrr
modprobe ip_vs_sh
modprobe nf_conntrack_ipv4
lsmod | grep ip_vs

五、配置阿里云负载均衡及修改证书

#下载源码包
cd /usr/local/src/
git clone https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes.git
git checkout -b kubernetes-1.14.5 origin/release-1.14

#docker拉取修改镜像,对应的版本有1.11.5、1.12.3、1.13.0、1.13.2、1.13.4
docker pull icyboy/k8s_build:v1.14.1

#k8s-1.14以上修改有效期的两个文件,找到NotAfter字段并修改日期有效期
/usr/local/src/kubernetes/staging/src/k8s.io/client-go/util/cert/cert.go
NotAfter: now.Add(duration365d 100).UTC(),
/usr/local/src/kubernetes/cmd/kubeadm/app/util/pkiutil/pki_helpers.go
NotAfter: time.Now().Add(duration365d 100).UTC(), #改成100年

#执行编译
docker run --rm -v /usr/local/src/kubernetes:/go/src/k8s.io/kubernetes -it icyboy/k8s_build:v1.14.1 bash

编译kubeadm, 这里主要编译kubeadm 即可

make all WHAT=cmd/kubeadm GOFLAGS=-v

编译kubelet

make all WHAT=cmd/kubelet GOFLAGS=-v

编译kubectl

make all WHAT=cmd/kubectl GOFLAGS=-v

#编译完产物在 /usr/local/src/kubernetes/_output/local/bin/linux/amd64 目录下
#将kubeadm 文件拷贝出来，替换系统中的kubeadm

#用新的kubeadm 替换官方的kubeadm
chmod +x kubeadm && \cp -f kubeadm /usr/bin

六、部署第一个主节点>1、配置kubelet

以下操作需要在所有节点上执行

重新载入kubelet系统配置

systemctl daemon-reload

设置开机启动，暂时不启动kubelet

systemctl enable kubelet

>2、根据配置文件初始化集群

使用kubeadm-config.yaml配置k8s1.14.5集群

cat init.sh

LOAD_BALANCER_DNS="47.110.19.11"
LOAD_BALANCER_PORT="6443"

生成kubeadm配置文件

cat > kubeadm-master.config <apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterConfiguration

kubernetes版本

kubernetesVersion: v1.14.5

使用国内阿里镜像

imageRepository: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers

apiServer:
certSANs:

"$LOAD_BALANCER_DNS"
controlPlaneEndpoint: "$LOAD_BALANCER_DNS:$LOAD_BALANCER_PORT"

networking:
podSubnet: 10.244.0.0/16
EOF

#初始化k8s集群
kubeadm init --config=kubeadm-master.config

>3、验证证书有效时间

cd /etc/kubernetes/pki

for crt in $(find /etc/kubernetes/pki/ -name "*.crt"); do openssl x509 -in $crt -noout -dates; done

notBefore=Aug 20 07:43:46 2019 GMT
notAfter=Jul 27 07:43:46 2119 GMT
notBefore=Aug 20 07:43:45 2019 GMT
notAfter=Jul 27 07:43:45 2119 GMT
notBefore=Aug 20 07:43:46 2019 GMT
notAfter=Jul 27 07:43:47 2119 GMT
notBefore=Aug 20 07:43:46 2019 GMT
notAfter=Jul 27 07:43:47 2119 GMT
notBefore=Aug 20 07:43:46 2019 GMT
notAfter=Jul 27 07:43:47 2119 GMT
notBefore=Aug 20 07:43:46 2019 GMT
notAfter=Jul 27 07:43:46 2119 GMT
notBefore=Aug 20 07:43:45 2019 GMT
notAfter=Jul 27 07:43:46 2119 GMT
notBefore=Aug 20 07:43:45 2019 GMT
notAfter=Jul 27 07:43:45 2119 GMT
notBefore=Aug 20 07:43:45 2019 GMT
notAfter=Jul 27 07:43:45 2119 GMT
notBefore=Aug 20 07:43:45 2019 GMT
notAfter=Jul 27 07:43:45 2119 GMT

notBefore代表生效时间，notAfter代表失效时间。

>4、安装网络插件

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml

>5、拷贝master证书到其他节点

cat scp.sh

USER=root
CONTROL_PLANE_IPS="192.168.3.43 192.168.3.44"
for host in ${CONTROL_PLANE_IPS}; do
scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt "${USER}"@$host:
scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.key "${USER}"@$host:
scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.key "${USER}"@$host:
scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.pub "${USER}"@$host:
scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.crt "${USER}"@$host:
scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.key "${USER}"@$host:
scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt "${USER}"@$host:etcd-ca.crt
scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.key "${USER}"@$host:etcd-ca.key
scp /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf "${USER}"@$host:
ssh ${USER}@${host} 'mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd'
ssh ${USER}@${host} 'mv /${USER}/ca.crt /etc/kubernetes/pki/'
ssh ${USER}@${host} 'mv /${USER}/ca.key /etc/kubernetes/pki/'
ssh ${USER}@${host} 'mv /${USER}/sa.pub /etc/kubernetes/pki/'
ssh ${USER}@${host} 'mv /${USER}/sa.key /etc/kubernetes/pki/'
ssh ${USER}@${host} 'mv /${USER}/front-proxy-ca.crt /etc/kubernetes/pki/'
ssh ${USER}@${host} 'mv /${USER}/front-proxy-ca.key /etc/kubernetes/pki/'
ssh ${USER}@${host} 'mv /${USER}/etcd-ca.crt /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt'
ssh ${USER}@${host} 'mv /${USER}/etcd-ca.key /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.key'
ssh ${USER}@${host} 'mv /${USER}/admin.conf /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf'
done

七、其他节点上部署

#master

kubeadm join 47.110.19.11:6443 --token qlrq5y.1yhm3rz9r7ynfqf1 --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:62579157003c3537deb44b30f652c500e7fa6505b5ef6826d796ba1245283899 --experimental-control-plane

#node

kubeadm join 47.110.19.11:6443 --token qlrq5y.1yhm3rz9r7ynfqf1 --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:62579157003c3537deb44b30f652c500e7fa6505b5ef6826d796ba1245283899

很赞哦！