Python怎么爬取京东商品信息评论存并进MySQL

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构建mysql数据表

问题：使用SQL alchemy时，非主键不能设置为自增长，但是我想让这个非主键仅仅是为了作为索引，autoincrement=True无效，该怎么实现让它自增长呢？

from sqlalchemy import String,Integer,Text,Columnfrom sqlalchemy import create_enginefrom sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmakerfrom sqlalchemy.orm import scoped_sessionfrom sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base engine=create_engine(    "mysql+pymysql://root:root@127.0.0.1:3306/jdcrawl?charset=utf8",    pool_size=200,    max_overflow=300,    echo=False) BASE=declarative_base() # 实例化 class Goods(BASE):    __tablename__='goods'    id=Column(Integer(),primary_key=True,autoincrement=True)    sku_id = Column(String(200), primary_key=True, autoincrement=False)    name=Column(String(200))    price=Column(String(200))    comments_num=Column(Integer)    shop=Column(String(200))    link=Column(String(200)) class Comments(BASE):    __tablename__='comments'    id=Column(Integer(),primary_key=True,autoincrement=True,nullable=False)    sku_id=Column(String(200),primary_key=True,autoincrement=False)    comments=Column(Text()) BASE.metadata.create_all(engine)Session=sessionmaker(engine)sess_db=scoped_session(Session)

第一版：

问题：爬取几页评论后就会爬取到空白页，添加refer后依旧如此

尝试解决方法：将获取评论地方的线程池改为单线程，并每获取一页评论增加延时1s

# 不能爬太快！！！不然获取不到评论 from bs4 import BeautifulSoupimport requestsfrom urllib import parseimport csv,json,reimport threadpoolimport timefrom jd_mysqldb import Goods,Comments,sess_db headers={    'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36',    'Cookie': '__jdv=76161171|baidu|-|organic|%25E4%25BA%25AC%25E4%25B8%259C|1613711947911; __jdu=16137119479101182770449; areaId=7; ipLoc-djd=7-458-466-0; PCSYCityID=CN_410000_0_0; shshshfpa=07383463-032f-3f99-9d40-639cb57c6e28-1613711950; shshshfpb=u8S9UvxK66gfIbM1mUNrIOg%3D%3D; user-key=153f6b4d-0704-4e56-82b6-8646f3f0dad4; cn=0; shshshfp=9a88944b34cb0ff3631a0a95907b75eb; __jdc=122270672; 3AB9D23F7A4B3C9B=SEELVNXBPU7OAA3UX5JTKR5LQADM5YFJRKY23Z6HDBU4OT2NWYGX525CKFFVHTRDJ7Q5DJRMRZQIQJOW5GVBY43XVI; jwotest_product=99; __jda=122270672.16137119479101182770449.1613711948.1613738165.1613748918.4; JSESSIONID=C06EC8D2E9384D2628AE22B1A6F9F8FC.s1; shshshsID=ab2ca3143928b1b01f6c5b71a15fcebe_5_1613750374847; __jdb=122270672.5.16137119479101182770449|4.1613748918',    'Referer': 'https://www.jd.com/'} num=0   # 商品数量comments_num=0   # 评论数量 # 获取商品信息和SkuIddef getIndex(url):    session=requests.Session()    session.headers=headers    global num    res=session.get(url,headers=headers)    print(res.status_code)    res.encoding=res.apparent_encoding    soup=BeautifulSoup(res.text,'lxml')    items=soup.select('li.gl-item')    for item in items[:3]:  # 爬取3个商品测试        title=item.select_one('.p-name a em').text.strip().replace(' ','')        price=item.select_one('.p-price strong').text.strip().replace('￥','')        try:            shop=item.select_one('.p-shopnum a').text.strip()   # 获取书籍时查找店铺的方法        except:            shop=item.select_one('.p-shop a').text.strip()  #   获取其他商品时查找店铺的方法        link=parse.urljoin('https://',item.select_one('.p-img a').get('href'))        SkuId=re.search('\d+',link).group()        comments_num=getCommentsNum(SkuId,session)        print(SkuId,title, price, shop, link, comments_num)        print("开始存入数据库...")        try:            IntoGoods(SkuId,title, price, shop, link, comments_num)        except Exception as e:            print(e)            sess_db.rollback()        num += 1        print("正在获取评论...")        # 获取评论总页数        url1 = f'https://club.jd.com/comment/productPageComments.action?productId={SkuId}&score=0&sortType=5&page=0&pageSize=10'        headers['Referer'] = f'https://item.jd.com/{SkuId}.html'        headers['Connection']='keep-alive'        res2 = session.get(url1,headers=headers)        res2.encoding = res2.apparent_encoding        json_data = json.loads(res2.text)        max_page = json_data['maxPage']  # 经测试最多可获取100页评论，每页10条        args = []        for i in range(0, max_page):            # 使用此链接获取评论得到的为json格式            url2 = f'https://club.jd.com/comment/productPageComments.action?productId={SkuId}&score=0&sortType=5&page={i}&pageSize=10'            # 使用此链接获取评论得到的非json格式，需要提取            # url2_2=f'https://club.jd.com/comment/productPageComments.action?callback=jQuery9287224&productId={SkuId}&score=0&sortType=5&page={i}&pageSize=10'            args.append(([session,SkuId,url2], None))        pool2 = threadpool.ThreadPool(2)   # 2个线程        reque2 = threadpool.makeRequests(getComments,args)  # 创建任务        for r in reque2:            pool2.putRequest(r) # 提交任务到线程池        pool2.wait() # 获取评论总数量def getCommentsNum(SkuId,sess):    headers['Referer']=f'https://item.jd.com/{SkuId}.html'    url=f'https://club.jd.com/comment/productCommentSummaries.action?referenceIds={SkuId}'    res=sess.get(url,headers=headers)    try:        res.encoding=res.apparent_encoding        json_data=json.loads(res.text)  # json格式转为字典        num=json_data['CommentsCount'][0]['CommentCount']        return num    except:        return 'Error' # 获取评论def getComments(sess,SkuId,url2):    global comments_num    print(url2)    headers['Referer'] = f'https://item.jd.com/{SkuId}.html'    res2 = sess.get(url2,headers=headers)    res2.encoding='gbk'    json_data=res2.text    '''    # 如果用url2_2需要进行如下操作提取json    start = res2.text.find('jQuery9287224(') + len('jQuery9287224(')    end = res2.text.find(');')    json_data=res2.text[start:end]    '''    dict_data = json.loads(json_data)    try:        comments=dict_data['comments']        for item in comments:            comment=item['content'].replace('\n','')            # print(comment)            comments_num+=1            try:                IntoComments(SkuId,comment)            except Exception as e:                print(e)                sess_db.rollback()    except:        pass # 商品信息入库def IntoGoods(SkuId,title, price, shop, link, comments_num):    goods_data=Goods(        sku_id=SkuId,        name=title,        price=price,        comments_num=comments_num,        shop=shop,        link=link    )    sess_db.add(goods_data)    sess_db.commit() # 评论入库def IntoComments(SkuId,comment):    comments_data=Comments(        sku_id=SkuId,        comments=comment    )    sess_db.add(comments_data)    sess_db.commit() if __name__ == '__main__':    start_time=time.time()    urls=[]    KEYWORD=parse.quote(input("请输入要查询的关键词："))    for i in range(1,2):    # 爬取一页进行测试        url=f'https://search.jd.com/Search?keyword={KEYWORD}&wq={KEYWORD}&page={i}'        urls.append(([url,],None))  # threadpool要求必须这样写    pool=threadpool.ThreadPool(2)  # 2个线程的线程池    reque=threadpool.makeRequests(getIndex,urls)    # 创建任务    for r in reque:        pool.putRequest(r)  # 向线程池提交任务    pool.wait() # 等待所有任务执行完毕    print("共获取{}件商品，获得{}条评论，耗时{}".format(num,comments_num,time.time()-start_time))

第二版 ：

经测试，的确不会出现空白页的情况

进一步优化：同时获取2个以上商品的评论

# 不能爬太快！！！不然获取不到评论from bs4 import BeautifulSoupimport requestsfrom urllib import parseimport csv,json,reimport threadpoolimport timefrom jd_mysqldb import Goods,Comments,sess_db headers={    'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36',    'Cookie': '__jdv=76161171|baidu|-|organic|%25E4%25BA%25AC%25E4%25B8%259C|1613711947911; __jdu=16137119479101182770449; areaId=7; ipLoc-djd=7-458-466-0; PCSYCityID=CN_410000_0_0; shshshfpa=07383463-032f-3f99-9d40-639cb57c6e28-1613711950; shshshfpb=u8S9UvxK66gfIbM1mUNrIOg%3D%3D; user-key=153f6b4d-0704-4e56-82b6-8646f3f0dad4; cn=0; shshshfp=9a88944b34cb0ff3631a0a95907b75eb; __jdc=122270672; 3AB9D23F7A4B3C9B=SEELVNXBPU7OAA3UX5JTKR5LQADM5YFJRKY23Z6HDBU4OT2NWYGX525CKFFVHTRDJ7Q5DJRMRZQIQJOW5GVBY43XVI; jwotest_product=99; __jda=122270672.16137119479101182770449.1613711948.1613738165.1613748918.4; JSESSIONID=C06EC8D2E9384D2628AE22B1A6F9F8FC.s1; shshshsID=ab2ca3143928b1b01f6c5b71a15fcebe_5_1613750374847; __jdb=122270672.5.16137119479101182770449|4.1613748918',    'Referer': 'https://www.jd.com/'} num=0   # 商品数量comments_num=0   # 评论数量 # 获取商品信息和SkuIddef getIndex(url):    session=requests.Session()    session.headers=headers    global num    res=session.get(url,headers=headers)    print(res.status_code)    res.encoding=res.apparent_encoding    soup=BeautifulSoup(res.text,'lxml')    items=soup.select('li.gl-item')    for item in items[:2]:  # 爬取2个商品测试        title=item.select_one('.p-name a em').text.strip().replace(' ','')        price=item.select_one('.p-price strong').text.strip().replace('￥','')        try:            shop=item.select_one('.p-shopnum a').text.strip()   # 获取书籍时查找店铺的方法        except:            shop=item.select_one('.p-shop a').text.strip()  #   获取其他商品时查找店铺的方法        link=parse.urljoin('https://',item.select_one('.p-img a').get('href'))        SkuId=re.search('\d+',link).group()        headers['Referer'] = f'https://item.jd.com/{SkuId}.html'        headers['Connection'] = 'keep-alive'        comments_num=getCommentsNum(SkuId,session)        print(SkuId,title, price, shop, link, comments_num)        print("开始将商品存入数据库...")        try:            IntoGoods(SkuId,title, price, shop, link, comments_num)        except Exception as e:            print(e)            sess_db.rollback()        num += 1        print("正在获取评论...")        # 获取评论总页数        url1 = f'https://club.jd.com/comment/productPageComments.action?productId={SkuId}&score=0&sortType=5&page=0&pageSize=10'        res2 = session.get(url1,headers=headers)        res2.encoding = res2.apparent_encoding        json_data = json.loads(res2.text)        max_page = json_data['maxPage']  # 经测试最多可获取100页评论，每页10条        print("{}评论共{}页".format(SkuId,max_page))        if max_page==0:            IntoComments(SkuId,'0')        else:            for i in range(0, max_page):                # 使用此链接获取评论得到的为json格式                url2 = f'https://club.jd.com/comment/productPageComments.action?productId={SkuId}&score=0&sortType=5&page={i}&pageSize=10'                # 使用此链接获取评论得到的非json格式，需要提取                # url2_2=f'https://club.jd.com/comment/productPageComments.action?callback=jQuery9287224&productId={SkuId}&score=0&sortType=5&page={i}&pageSize=10'                print("开始获取第{}页评论:{}".format(i+1,url2) )                getComments(session,SkuId,url2)                time.sleep(1) # 获取评论总数量def getCommentsNum(SkuId,sess):    url=f'https://club.jd.com/comment/productCommentSummaries.action?referenceIds={SkuId}'    res=sess.get(url)    try:        res.encoding=res.apparent_encoding        json_data=json.loads(res.text)  # json格式转为字典        num=json_data['CommentsCount'][0]['CommentCount']        return num    except:        return 'Error' # 获取评论def getComments(sess,SkuId,url2):    global comments_num    res2 = sess.get(url2)    res2.encoding=res2.apparent_encoding    json_data=res2.text    '''    # 如果用url2_2需要进行如下操作提取json    start = res2.text.find('jQuery9287224(') + len('jQuery9287224(')    end = res2.text.find(');')    json_data=res2.text[start:end]    '''    dict_data = json.loads(json_data)    comments=dict_data['comments']    for item in comments:        comment=item['content'].replace('\n','')        # print(comment)        comments_num+=1        try:            IntoComments(SkuId,comment)        except Exception as e:            print(e)            sess_db.rollback() # 商品信息入库def IntoGoods(SkuId,title, price, shop, link, comments_num):    goods_data=Goods(        sku_id=SkuId,        name=title,        price=price,        comments_num=comments_num,        shop=shop,        link=link    )    sess_db.add(goods_data)    sess_db.commit() # 评论入库def IntoComments(SkuId,comment):    comments_data=Comments(        sku_id=SkuId,        comments=comment    )    sess_db.add(comments_data)    sess_db.commit() if __name__ == '__main__':    start_time=time.time()    urls=[]    KEYWORD=parse.quote(input("请输入要查询的关键词："))    for i in range(1,2):    # 爬取一页进行测试        url=f'https://search.jd.com/Search?keyword={KEYWORD}&wq={KEYWORD}&page={i}'        urls.append(([url,],None))  # threadpool要求必须这样写    pool=threadpool.ThreadPool(2)  # 2个线程的线程池    reque=threadpool.makeRequests(getIndex,urls)    # 创建任务    for r in reque:        pool.putRequest(r)  # 向线程池提交任务    pool.wait() # 等待所有任务执行完毕    print("共获取{}件商品，获得{}条评论，耗时{}".format(num,comments_num,time.time()-start_time))

第三版：

。。。。不行，又出现空白页了

# 不能爬太快！！！不然获取不到评论from bs4 import BeautifulSoupimport requestsfrom urllib import parseimport csv,json,reimport threadpoolimport timefrom jd_mysqldb import Goods,Comments,sess_db headers={    'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36',    'Cookie': '__jdv=76161171|baidu|-|organic|%25E4%25BA%25AC%25E4%25B8%259C|1613711947911; __jdu=16137119479101182770449; areaId=7; ipLoc-djd=7-458-466-0; PCSYCityID=CN_410000_0_0; shshshfpa=07383463-032f-3f99-9d40-639cb57c6e28-1613711950; shshshfpb=u8S9UvxK66gfIbM1mUNrIOg%3D%3D; user-key=153f6b4d-0704-4e56-82b6-8646f3f0dad4; cn=0; shshshfp=9a88944b34cb0ff3631a0a95907b75eb; __jdc=122270672; 3AB9D23F7A4B3C9B=SEELVNXBPU7OAA3UX5JTKR5LQADM5YFJRKY23Z6HDBU4OT2NWYGX525CKFFVHTRDJ7Q5DJRMRZQIQJOW5GVBY43XVI; jwotest_product=99; __jda=122270672.16137119479101182770449.1613711948.1613738165.1613748918.4; JSESSIONID=C06EC8D2E9384D2628AE22B1A6F9F8FC.s1; shshshsID=ab2ca3143928b1b01f6c5b71a15fcebe_5_1613750374847; __jdb=122270672.5.16137119479101182770449|4.1613748918',    'Referer': 'https://www.jd.com/'} num=0   # 商品数量comments_num=0   # 评论数量 # 获取商品信息和SkuIddef getIndex(url):    global num    skuids=[]    session=requests.Session()    session.headers=headers    res=session.get(url,headers=headers)    print(res.status_code)    res.encoding=res.apparent_encoding    soup=BeautifulSoup(res.text,'lxml')    items=soup.select('li.gl-item')    for item in items[:3]:  # 爬取3个商品测试        title=item.select_one('.p-name a em').text.strip().replace(' ','')        price=item.select_one('.p-price strong').text.strip().replace('￥','')        try:            shop=item.select_one('.p-shopnum a').text.strip()   # 获取书籍时查找店铺的方法        except:            shop=item.select_one('.p-shop a').text.strip()  #   获取其他商品时查找店铺的方法        link=parse.urljoin('https://',item.select_one('.p-img a').get('href'))        SkuId=re.search('\d+',link).group()        skuids.append(([SkuId,session],None))        headers['Referer'] = f'https://item.jd.com/{SkuId}.html'        headers['Connection'] = 'keep-alive'        comments_num=getCommentsNum(SkuId,session)  # 评论数量        print(SkuId,title, price, shop, link, comments_num)        print("开始将商品存入数据库...")        try:            IntoGoods(SkuId,title, price, shop, link, comments_num)        except Exception as e:            print(e)            sess_db.rollback()        num += 1    print("开始获取评论并存入数据库...")    pool2=threadpool.ThreadPool(3)   # 可同时获取3个商品的评论    task=threadpool.makeRequests(getComments,skuids)    for r in task:        pool2.putRequest(r)    pool2.wait() # 获取评论def getComments(SkuId,sess):    # 获取评论总页数    url1 = f'https://club.jd.com/comment/productPageComments.action?productId={SkuId}&score=0&sortType=5&page=0&pageSize=10'    res2 = sess.get(url1, headers=headers)    res2.encoding = res2.apparent_encoding    json_data = json.loads(res2.text)    max_page = json_data['maxPage']  # 经测试最多可获取100页评论，每页10条    print("{}评论共{}页".format(SkuId, max_page))    if max_page == 0:        IntoComments(SkuId, '0')    else:        for i in range(0, max_page):            # 使用此链接获取评论得到的为json格式            url2 = f'https://club.jd.com/comment/productPageComments.action?productId={SkuId}&score=0&sortType=5&page={i}&pageSize=10'            # 使用此链接获取评论得到的非json格式，需要提取            # url2_2=f'https://club.jd.com/comment/productPageComments.action?callback=jQuery9287224&productId={SkuId}&score=0&sortType=5&page={i}&pageSize=10'            print("开始获取第{}页评论:{}".format(i + 1, url2))            getComments_one(sess, SkuId, url2)            time.sleep(1) # 获取评论总数量def getCommentsNum(SkuId,sess):    url=f'https://club.jd.com/comment/productCommentSummaries.action?referenceIds={SkuId}'    res=sess.get(url)    try:        res.encoding=res.apparent_encoding        json_data=json.loads(res.text)  # json格式转为字典        num=json_data['CommentsCount'][0]['CommentCount']        return num    except:        return 'Error' # 获取单个评论def getComments_one(sess,SkuId,url2):    global comments_num    res2 = sess.get(url2)    res2.encoding=res2.apparent_encoding    json_data=res2.text    '''    # 如果用url2_2需要进行如下操作提取json    start = res2.text.find('jQuery9287224(') + len('jQuery9287224(')    end = res2.text.find(');')    json_data=res2.text[start:end]    '''    dict_data = json.loads(json_data)    comments=dict_data['comments']    for item in comments:        comment=item['content'].replace('\n','')        # print(comment)        comments_num+=1        try:            IntoComments(SkuId,comment)        except Exception as e:            print(e)            print("rollback！")            sess_db.rollback() # 商品信息入库def IntoGoods(SkuId,title, price, shop, link, comments_num):    goods_data=Goods(        sku_id=SkuId,        name=title,        price=price,        comments_num=comments_num,        shop=shop,        link=link    )    sess_db.add(goods_data)    sess_db.commit() # 评论入库def IntoComments(SkuId,comment):    comments_data=Comments(        sku_id=SkuId,        comments=comment    )    sess_db.add(comments_data)    sess_db.commit() if __name__ == '__main__':    start_time=time.time()    urls=[]    KEYWORD=parse.quote(input("请输入要查询的关键词："))    for i in range(1,2):    # 爬取一页进行测试        url=f'https://search.jd.com/Search?keyword={KEYWORD}&wq={KEYWORD}&page={i}'        urls.append(([url,],None))  # threadpool要求必须这样写    pool=threadpool.ThreadPool(2)  # 2个线程的线程池    reque=threadpool.makeRequests(getIndex,urls)    # 创建任务    for r in reque:        pool.putRequest(r)  # 向线程池提交任务    pool.wait() # 等待所有任务执行完毕    print("共获取{}件商品，获得{}条评论，耗时{}".format(num,comments_num,time.time()-start_time))

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