Elasticsearch中查询的多种方式
发表于：2025-12-03 作者：千家信息网编辑
千家信息网最后更新 2025年12月03日，本篇内容介绍了"Elasticsearch中查询的多种方式"的有关知识，在实际案例的操作过程中，不少人都会遇到这样的困境，接下来就让小编带领大家学习一下如何处理这些情况吧！希望大家仔细阅读，能够学有所
千家信息网最后更新 2025年12月03日Elasticsearch中查询的多种方式
本篇内容介绍了"Elasticsearch中查询的多种方式"的有关知识，在实际案例的操作过程中，不少人都会遇到这样的困境，接下来就让小编带领大家学习一下如何处理这些情况吧！希望大家仔细阅读，能够学有所成！
一、DSL查询
query DSL:Domain Specified Language，特定领域的语言
1.查询某个索引下所有的数据
语法
GET /{index}/_search{ "query": {"match_all": {}}}示例
输入：GET /staffs/_search{ "query": {"match_all": {}}}输出{ "took" : 1, 消耗的时间 "timed_out" : false, 是否超时 "_shards" : { "total" : 1, 一共请求了几个shared "successful" : 1, 成功了几个 "skipped" : 0, "failed" : 0 }, "hits" : { "total" : { "value" : 4, 查询的结果的总数量 "relation" : "eq" }, "max_score" : 1.0, "hits" : [ { "_index" : "staffs", 索引的名称 "_type" : "_doc", "_id" : "1a", 数据对应的主键 "_score" : 1.0,就是document对于一个search的相关度的匹配分数，越相关，就越匹配，分数也高 "_source" : { 数据的详情 "name" : "shu xian sheng", "age" : 28, "phone" : "15711111111", "posittion" : "java kaifa", "hobby" : [ "lanqiu", "zuqiu", "tubu" ] } }, { "_index" : "staffs", "_type" : "_doc", "_id" : "Nq_96G0Bs8sg-pU7kn0S", "_score" : 1.0, "_source" : { "name" : "wang xiao san", "age" : 21, "phone" : "15722222222", "posittion" : "web kaifa", "hobby" : [ "yumaoqiu", "zuqiu", "taiqiu" ] } }, { "_index" : "staffs", "_type" : "_doc", "_id" : "2", "_score" : 1.0, "_source" : { "name" : "lixiansheng", "age" : 25, "phone" : "15733333333", "posittion" : "android", "hobby" : [ "paobu", "zuqiu", "tubu" ] } }, { "_index" : "staffs", "_type" : "_doc", "_id" : "3", "_score" : 1.0, "_source" : { "name" : "maxiaoshuan", "age" : 23, "phone" : "15744444444", "posittion" : "ios", "hobby" : [ "paobu", "yumaoqiu", "lanqiu" ] } } ] }}2.查询名字中含有xiao 按照年龄倒叙排序的
语法
GET {index}/_search{ "query": { "match": { "FIELD": "TEXT" FIELD:字段的名称 TEXT：条件 } }, "sort": [ { "FIELD": { FIELD： 字段的名称 "order": "desc" } } ]}示例
GET staffs/_search{ "query": { "match": { "name": "xiao" } }, "sort": [ { "age": { "order": "desc" } } ]}{ "took" : 1, "timed_out" : false, "_shards" : { "total" : 1, "successful" : 1, "skipped" : 0, "failed" : 0 }, "hits" : { "total" : { "value" : 2, "relation" : "eq" }, "max_score" : null, "hits" : [ { "_index" : "staffs", "_type" : "_doc", "_id" : "3", "_score" : null, "_source" : { "name" : "ma xiao shuai", "age" : 23, "phone" : "15744444444", "posittion" : "ios", "hobby" : [ "paobu", "yumaoqiu", "lanqiu" ] }, "sort" : [ 23 ] }, { "_index" : "staffs", "_type" : "_doc", "_id" : "Nq_96G0Bs8sg-pU7kn0S", "_score" : null, "_source" : { "name" : "wang xiao san", "age" : 21, "phone" : "15722222222", "posittion" : "web kaifa", "hobby" : [ "yumaoqiu", "zuqiu", "taiqiu" ] }, "sort" : [ 21 ] } ] }}3.分页查询数据
语法
GET {index}/_search{ "query": {"match_all": {}}, "from": 1, 从第几页开始查询，0：代表第一页，1：代表第二页 "size": 1 每页显示的条数}示例
GET staffs/_search{ "query": {"match_all": {}}, "from": 1, "size": 1}{ "took" : 1, "timed_out" : false, "_shards" : { "total" : 1, "successful" : 1, "skipped" : 0, "failed" : 0 }, "hits" : { "total" : { "value" : 4, "relation" : "eq" }, "max_score" : 1.0, "hits" : [ { "_index" : "staffs", "_type" : "_doc", "_id" : "Nq_96G0Bs8sg-pU7kn0S", "_score" : 1.0, "_source" : { "name" : "wang xiao san", "age" : 21, "phone" : "15722222222", "posittion" : "web kaifa", "hobby" : [ "yumaoqiu", "zuqiu", "taiqiu" ] } } ] }}4.搜索名称含有xian sheng 且年龄大于25的
语法
GET {index}}/_search{ "query": { "bool": { "must": [ {"match": { "FIELD": "TEXT" }} ] } }, "post_filter": { "range": { "FIELD": { "gte": 10 } } }}示例
GET staffs/_search{ "query": { "bool": { 可以拼接多个条件的查询 "must": [ {"match": { "name": "xian sheng" }} ] } }, "post_filter": { "range": { "age": { "gt": 25 } } }}其实有两条 但是有一个年龄为25 所以这里只显示一条{ "took" : 1, "timed_out" : false, "_shards" : { "total" : 1, "successful" : 1, "skipped" : 0, "failed" : 0 }, "hits" : { "total" : { "value" : 1, "relation" : "eq" }, "max_score" : 1.3862944, "hits" : [ { "_index" : "staffs", "_type" : "_doc", "_id" : "1a", "_score" : 1.3862944, "_source" : { "name" : "shu xian sheng", "age" : 28, "phone" : "15711111111", "posittion" : "java kaifa", "hobby" : [ "lanqiu", "zuqiu", "tubu" ] } } ] }}5.full-text search（全文检索）
示例
GET staffs/_search{ "query": {"match": { "posittion": "java kaifa" }}}{ "took" : 1, "timed_out" : false, "_shards" : { "total" : 1, "successful" : 1, "skipped" : 0, "failed" : 0 }, "hits" : { "total" : { "value" : 2, "relation" : "eq" }, "max_score" : 1.6694658, "hits" : [ { "_index" : "staffs", "_type" : "_doc", "_id" : "1a", "_score" : 1.6694658, "_source" : { "name" : "shu xian sheng", "age" : 28, "phone" : "15711111111", "posittion" : "java kaifa", "hobby" : [ "lanqiu", "zuqiu", "tubu" ] } }, { "_index" : "staffs", "_type" : "_doc", "_id" : "Nq_96G0Bs8sg-pU7kn0S", "_score" : 0.60996956, "_source" : { "name" : "wang xiao san", "age" : 21, "phone" : "15722222222", "posittion" : "web kaifa", "hobby" : [ "yumaoqiu", "zuqiu", "taiqiu" ] } } ] }}6.phrase search（短语搜索）
和全文检索相反，全文检索会将输入的搜索串拆解开来，去倒排索引里面意义匹配，只要能匹配上任意一个拆解后的单词，就可以作为结果返回
短语搜索，要求输入的搜索串，必须在制定的字段文本中，完全包含一模一样的，擦可以算匹配，才能作为结果返回
语法
GET staffs/_search{ "query": { "match_phrase": { "FIELD": "PHRASE" } }}示例
GET staffs/_search{ "query": { "match_phrase": { "posittion": "java kaifa" } }}{ "took" : 30, "timed_out" : false, "_shards" : { "total" : 1, "successful" : 1, "skipped" : 0, "failed" : 0 }, "hits" : { "total" : { "value" : 1, "relation" : "eq" }, "max_score" : 1.6694657, "hits" : [ { "_index" : "staffs", "_type" : "_doc", "_id" : "1a", "_score" : 1.6694657, "_source" : { "name" : "shu xian sheng", "age" : 28, "phone" : "15711111111", "posittion" : "java kaifa", "hobby" : [ "lanqiu", "zuqiu", "tubu" ] } } ] }}7.highlight search（高亮搜索结果）
语法
GET {index}/_search{ "query": { "match": { "FIELD": "TEXT" } }, "highlight": { "fields": { "FIELD": {} } }}示例
GET staffs/_search{ "query": { "match": { "posittion": "kaifa" } }, "highlight": { "fields": { "posittion": {} } }}{ "took" : 54, "timed_out" : false, "_shards" : { "total" : 1, "successful" : 1, "skipped" : 0, "failed" : 0 }, "hits" : { "total" : { "value" : 2, "relation" : "eq" }, "max_score" : 0.60996956, "hits" : [ { "_index" : "staffs", "_type" : "_doc", "_id" : "1a", "_score" : 0.60996956, "_source" : { "name" : "shu xian sheng", "age" : 28, "phone" : "15711111111", "posittion" : "java kaifa", "hobby" : [ "lanqiu", "zuqiu", "tubu" ] }, "highlight" : { "posittion" : [ "java kaifa" ] } }, { "_index" : "staffs", "_type" : "_doc", "_id" : "Nq_96G0Bs8sg-pU7kn0S", "_score" : 0.60996956, "_source" : { "name" : "wang xiao san", "age" : 21, "phone" : "15722222222", "posittion" : "web kaifa", "hobby" : [ "yumaoqiu", "zuqiu", "taiqiu" ] }, "highlight" : { "posittion" : [ "web kaifa" ] } } ] }}倒排索引
其实保存数据的时候，其查询索引就已经创建了，使用的倒排索引
例如：posittion字段，先被拆解，然后创建倒排索引
拆解是根据选择的分词器构成的
| 拆解的单词 | 对应的数据主键 |
|---|---|
| java | 1a |
| kaifa | 1a,Nq_96G0Bs8sg-pU7kn0S |
| web | 1a,Nq_96G0Bs8sg-pU7kn0S |
| ios | 3 |
| android | 4 |
查询所有的索引
GET _cat/indices?v
health status index uuid pri rep docs.count docs.deleted store.size pri.store.sizegreen open .kibana_task_manager_1 Qyl1MousQLq5FyMOCBO4nw 1 0 2 0 30.5kb 30.5kbgreen open .apm-agent-configuration qPsz40bsQxW_Zcd_4pkJJg 1 0 0 0 283b 283bgreen open .kibana_1 yYdsQgxWQ0utXN-Ulhm5ew 1 0 9 0 35.4kb 35.4kbyellow open staffs uoo38LYwRB2PzxupYjJ66Q 1 1 4 0 17.9kb 17.9kb
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查询
索引
示例
数据
语法
搜索
拆解
名称
字段
结果
全文
全文检索
年龄
检索
输入
多种
方式
代表
内容
分数
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