Java中枚举类的示例分析

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一、枚举类的使用

1.枚举类的理解：类的对象只有有限个，确定的。我们称此类为枚举类
2.当需要定义一组常量时，强烈建议使用枚举类
3.如果枚举类中只有一个对象，则可以作为单例模式的实现方式。

二、如何定义枚举类

方式一：JDK5.0之前，自定义枚举类

public class SeasonTest {    public static void main(String[] args) {        Season spring = Season.SPRING;        System.out.println(spring);    }}    class Season {        //1.声明Season对象的属性：private final修饰        private final String seasonName;        private final String seasonDesc;        //2.私有化类的构造器，并给对象属性赋值        private Season(String seasonName, String seasonDesc) {            this.seasonName = seasonName;            this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;        }        //3.提供当前枚举类的对各对象：public static final的        public static final Season SPRING = new Season("春天", "春暖花开");        public static final Season SUMMER = new Season("夏天", "夏日炎炎");        public static final Season AUTUMN = new Season("秋天", "秋高气爽");        public static final Season WINTER = new Season("冬天", "冰天雪地");        //4.其他诉求1:  获取枚举类对象的属性        public String getSeasonName() {            return seasonName;        }        public String getSeasonDesc() {            return seasonDesc;        }        //4.其他诉求2:提供toString()        @Override        public String toString() {            return "Season{" +                    "seasonName='" + seasonName + '\'' +                    ", seasonDesc='" + seasonDesc + '\'' +                    '}';        }    }

方式二：JDK5.0之后，可以使用enum关键字定义枚举类

public class SeasonTest1 {    public static void main(String[] args) {        Season1 summer = Season1.SUMMER;        System.out.println(summer);        System.out.println(Season1.class.getSuperclass());//java.lang.Enum        //values():        Season1[] values = Season1.values();        for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {            System.out.println(values[i]);        }        //valueOf(String objName):返回枚举类中对象时objName的对象。        Season1 winter = Season1.valueOf("WINTER");        //如果没有objName的枚举类对象，则抛异常：IllegalArgumentException//        Season1 winter = Season1.valueOf("WINTER1");        System.out.println(winter);//        winter.show();    }    //使用enum关键字定义枚举类    enum Season1 {        //1.提供当前枚举类的对象，多个对象之间用","隔开，末尾对象";"结束        SPRING("春天", "春暖花开"),        SUMMER("夏天", "夏日炎炎"),        AUTUMN("秋天", "秋高气爽"),        WINTER("冬天", "冰天雪地");        //1.声明Season对象的属性：private final修饰        private final String seasonName;        private final String seasonDesc;         //2.私有化类的构造器，并给对象属性赋值        private Season1(String seasonName, String seasonDesc) {            this.seasonName = seasonName;            this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;        }        //4.其他诉求1:  获取枚举类对象的属性        public String getSeasonName() {            return seasonName;        }        public String getSeasonDesc() {            return seasonDesc;        }

使用enum关键字定义的枚举类实现接口的情况
情况一：实现接口，在enum类中实现抽象方法

情况二：让枚举类的对象分别实现接口中的抽象方法

public class SeasonTest1 {    public static void main(String[] args) {        //values():        Season1[] values = Season1.values();        for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {            System.out.println(values[i]);            values[i].show();        }    }    interface Info {        void show();    }    enum Season1 implements Info {        SPRING("春天", "春暖花开") {            @Override            public void show() {                System.out.println("春天在哪里");            }        },        SUMMER("夏天", "夏日炎炎") {            @Override            public void show() {                System.out.println("宁夏");            }        },        AUTUMN("秋天", "秋高气爽") {            @Override            public void show() {                System.out.println("秋天不回来");            }        },        WINTER("冬天", "冰天雪地") {            @Override            public void show() {                System.out.println("大约在冬季");            }        };        private final String seasonName;        private final String seasonDesc;        private Season1(String seasonName, String seasonDesc) {            this.seasonName = seasonName;            this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;        }        public String getSeasonName() {            return seasonName;        }        public String getSeasonDesc() {            return seasonDesc;        }}

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